Four Kind of Tenses and Exercise

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to present time.

It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as thepresent progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written). For nearly all English verbs the simple present is identical to the base form (dictionary form) of the verb, except when the subject is third-person singular, in which case the ending -(e)s is added. There are a few verbs with irregular forms, the most notable being the copula be, which has the simple present forms am, is and are.

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place habitually, as in He writes for a living (in contrast to the present continuous, which refers to something taking place at the present moment: He is writing a letter now). However certain verbs expressing astate, such as be and know, are used in the simple present even when referring to a temporary present state. There are also certain other uses (including those mentioned in the following paragraph) in which the simple present does not reflect a habitual aspect.

Ø  Verbal

 (+) S + V1 s/es + O

(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…

(?) Do/Does + S + V…?

Ø  Nominal

(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (disingkat ANA)

(-) S + be + not + ANA

(?) Be + S + ANA ?

- Usualy use daily activity : Always, usually, often, seldom.

Example of Verbal Simple Present Tense:

(+) My father goes to post office.

(-) My father does not go to post office.

(?) Does your father go to post office?

Example Nominal Simple Present Tense.

(+) Marcella is a stronger woman.

(-) Marcella is not a stronger woman.

(?) Is she a stronger woman?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

It is used principally to describe events in the past, although it also has some other uses. Regular English verbs form the simple past in -ed; however there are a few hundred irregular verbs with different forms.

The term "simple" is used to distinguish the syntactical construction whose basic form uses the plain past tense alone, from other past tense constructions which use auxiliaries in combination with participles, such as the past perfect and past progressive.

Ø  Verbal:

(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?

Ø  Nominal:

(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA

(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA

(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?

Example of  Verbal Simple Past Tense:

(+) The Doctor went to the hospital yesterday.

(-) The Doctor did not go to the hospital yesterday.

(?) Did the Doctor go to the hospital yesterday?

Example of Nominal Simple Past Tense:

(+) He was a teacher.

(-) He was not a teacher.

(?) Was he a teacher?

Note:

Was: I, He, She, dan It.

Were: You, We, They.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. An example of a future tense form is the French aimera, meaning "will love", derived from the verbaimer ("love"). English does not have a future tense formed by verb inflection in this way, although it has a number of ways of expressing futurity, particularly the construction with the auxiliary verb will or shall, and grammarians differ in whether they describe such constructions as representing a future tense in English, one and all.

The "future" expressed by the future tense usually means the future relative to the moment of speaking, although in contexts whererelative tense is used it may mean the future relative to some other point in time under consideration.

Ø  Verbal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA

Ø  Nominal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + ANA

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + ANA

Example of  Verbal Simple Future Tense:

(+) I will make a cake tomorrow.

(-) I will not make a cake tomorrow.

(?) Will you make a cake tomorrow?

Example of Nominal Simple Future Tense:

(+) Belinda will be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.

(-) Belinda will not be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.

(?) Will she be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow?

 SIMPLE PERFECT TENSE

The perfect is a verb form found in certain languages. The exact meaning of the term differs depending on which language is being described, but in principle the perfect is used to indicate that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the present time (or other time under consideration), often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself. An example of a perfect construction is given by the English sentence I have made dinner: although this gives information about a prior action (my making the dinner), the focus is likely to be on the present consequences of that action (the fact that the dinner is now ready). The word perfect in this sense means "completed" (from Latinperfectus, which is the perfect passive participle of the verb perficere "to finish").

Ø  Verbal:

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O

(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O

(?) have/has + S + V3 + O

Ø  Nominal:

(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O

(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O

(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O?

Example of  Verbal Present Perfect Tense:

(+) I have finished my work.

(-) I have not finished my homework.

(?) Have I finished my homework?

Example of  Nominal Present Perfect Tense:

(+) She has been here for 20 minutes.

(-) She has not been here for 20 minutes.

(?) Has she been here for 20 minutes?

EXERCISES

1.       I spend my money                             

a. I spent my money

b. I will spend my money

c. I have spent my money

2.       They use that one                               

a. They used that one

b. They will use that one

c. They have used that one

3.       We study English together                

a. We studied English together

b. We will study English together

c. we have studied English together

4.       They discuss their work                     

 a. They discussed their work

b. They will discuss their work

c. They have discussed their work

5.       They have enough time                    

 a. They had enough time

b. They will have enough time

c. They have had enough time

6.       I do all of the lessons                           

a. I did all of the lessons

b. I will do all of the lessons

c. I have done all of the lessons

7.       He sits in that row                                

 a. He sat in that row

b. He will sit in that row

c. He has sat in that row

8.       I drive my car                                          

a. I drove my car

b. I will drive my car

c. I have driven my car

9.       She hides her money                         

 a. She hid her money

b. She will hide her money

c. She has hidden her money

10.   We go to school                                     

a. We went to school

b. We will go to school

c. We have gone to school

11.   He takes much time                             

a. He took much time

b. He will take much time

c. He has taken much time

12.   Does he eat there ?                            

a. Did he eat there ?

b. Will he eat there ?

c. Has he eaten there ?

13.   Do you enjoy that work ?                

a. Did you enjoy that work ?

b. Will you enjoy that work ?

c. Have you enjoyed that work ?

14.   Does he write many letters ?         

a. Did he write many letters ?

b. Will he write many letters ?

c. Has he written many letters ?

15.   Do you send many letters ?          

a. Did you send many letters ?

b. Will you send many letters ?

c. Have you sent many letters ?

16.   Do they explain everything ?         

a. Did they explain everything ?

b. Will they explain everything ?

c. Have they explained everything ?

17.   Does she attend that class ?           

a. Did she attend that class ?

b. Will she attend that class ?

c. Has she attended that class ?

18.   Do you have enough time ?           

a. Did you have enough money ?

b. Will you have enough money ?

c. have you had enough money ?

19.   Do they copy the sentences ?        

a. Did they copy the sentences ?

b. Will thye copy the sentences ?

c. Have they copy the sentences ?

20.   Does she have much trouble ?        

a. Did she have much trouble ?

b. Will she have much trouble ?

c. Has she had much trouble ?

21.   Does she do good work ?                

a. Did she do good work ?

b. Will she do good work ?

c. Has she done good work ?

22.   Do the students practice ?              

a. Did the students practice ?

b. Will the students practice ?

c. Have the students practiced?

23.   I don’t stay there                                

a. I didn’t stay there

b. I won’t stay there

c. I haven’t stayed there

24.   He doesn’t work hard                     

a. He didn’t work hard

b. He won’t work hard

c. He hasn’t worked hard

25.   I don’t have any energy               

a. I didn’t  have any energy

b. I won’t have any energy

c. I haven’t had any energy

26.   He doesn’t pay the bills                   

 a. He didn’t pay the bills

b. He won’t pay the bills

c. He hasn’t paid the bills

27.   We don’t see that fellow                   

a. We didn’t see that fellow

b. We won’t see that fellow

c. We haven’t seen that fellow

28.   She doesn’t use this one                

 a. She didn’t use this one

b. She won’t use this one

c. She hasn’t used this one

29.   They don’t remember it                  

a. They didn’t remember it

b. They won’t remember it

c. They haven’t remembered it

30.   I don’t do much work here             

 a. I didn’t do much work here

b. I won’t do much work here

c. I haven’t done much work here

31.   He doesn’t listen carefully             

 a. He didn’t listen carefully

b. He won’t listen carefully

c. He hasn’t listen carefully

EXERCISE
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Use only the PERFECT PRESENT TENSE. 

1.   Mr. Harris has taught  English at this school for five years.
2.   I  have writen three or four letters to that company.
3. The students in this class have done those two lessons already.
4. I have known professor moore for more than twelve years.
5.  Richard has taken three courses in English at this school.
6.  These steps are dangerous. I have fallen on them several times.
7. Mr. Kramer has been in the United States for three years.
8. The janitor already shut the back door.
9. The students have read all the stories in that book.
10. Marjorie has choosen a pretty dress for the party.
11.  I have spoken to my boss about the problem several times.
12.  That tree has grown at least five feet since last year.
13. Miss King has spent over eighteen hundred dollars since May.
14.   Mr. and Mrs. Smith have bought a new house in North Plains.
15.   The real estate agent has old the Smith’s house.
16.   Charless had a bad cold for a whole week.
17.   I’m sorry. I have forgotten the name of that book.
18.   We have already heard that new song several times.
19.  Mr. Wilson isn’t here. He has gone out of town for the weekend.
20.  Mr. Kennedy has worn his blue suit to the office only twice.
21.  I have sat in this same seat since the first day of classes.
22. The money isn’t in this drawer. Someone have stolen it !
23.  Up to now, I have understood every lesson in the book.
24. We had absolutely no trouble with our car so far.
25. No one have found that girl’s purse and gloves yet.
26.  The weather has been very warm ever since last Thursday.
27. Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown had lunch already.
28.   I have seen the Empire State Building hundreds of time.
29.   We have already spoken to thr director and given him the message.
30.   Grandmother has never flown in an airplane before.
31. You have torn your shirt ! There’s a hole in the left sleeve.
32.   I have already read the customer’s letter and written a reply to him.